Sweat the aromatics: Warm olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add leek, carrots, and celery with a pinch of salt.
Cook 5–7 minutes, stirring, until softened but not browned. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds.
Build the broth: Stir in black pepper, red pepper flakes, broth, tomatoes, bay leaf, and parmesan rind. Bring to a gentle simmer and cook 10 minutes to marry the flavors.
Add the pasta: Stir in the pasta and simmer until al dente, usually 7–9 minutes, stirring occasionally so it doesn’t stick.
Finish with vegetables: Add beans and asparagus.
Cook 3–4 minutes, then add peas and greens. Simmer just until bright and tender, 2–3 minutes. Remove bay leaf and rind.
Brighten and season: Stir in lemon zest and juice.
Taste and adjust salt and pepper. If the soup is thick, splash in more broth or hot water.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and top with grated parmesan, fresh herbs, and a drizzle of olive oil.