Warm the pan: Heat a large skillet over medium-high. Add olive oil if using.
When hot, add the ground beef and break it up with a spatula.
Brown the beef: Cook 4–6 minutes until mostly browned. Season with salt and pepper. If there’s excess fat, spoon some off, leaving about a tablespoon.
Add aromatics: Stir in onion, garlic, and jalapeño.
Cook 2–3 minutes until fragrant.
Soften veggies: Add bell pepper and carrot. Cook 4–5 minutes, stirring, until slightly tender.
Bloom the spices: Sprinkle in cumin, oregano, cinnamon, and paprika. Stir 30 seconds to coat the meat and veggies.
Build the sauce: Add tomato sauce, tomato paste, bay leaf, and broth.
Stir well and bring to a gentle simmer.
Add sweet and briny notes: Stir in raisins, olives, and capers. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer 8–12 minutes, stirring occasionally, until thick and glossy. Add a splash more broth if it gets too dry.
Finish and taste: Remove bay leaf.
Stir in cilantro. Adjust salt, pepper, and heat level to taste. A squeeze of lime brightens everything.
Serve: Spoon into warm corn tortillas, over rice, or stuff into roasted poblano peppers.
Top with extra cilantro and a lime squeeze.