Brown the sausage: Heat a large pot over medium. Add the Italian beef sausage and cook, breaking it up, until browned and cooked through, 6–8 minutes.
If the pot looks dry, add the olive oil. Spoon off excess fat if needed, leaving about a tablespoon for flavor.
Sauté aromatics: Add the onion and cook until softened, 3–4 minutes. Stir in the garlic and cook 30 seconds, just until fragrant.
Add veggies: Stir in zucchini and bell pepper.
Cook 3–4 minutes, letting the edges lightly soften while picking up flavor from the pot.
Build the broth: Pour in diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, and broth. Add Italian seasoning, oregano, and red pepper flakes. Stir and bring to a gentle boil.
Simmer: Reduce heat to a steady simmer.
Cook 12–15 minutes, until zucchini is tender but not mushy. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
Finish with greens and herbs: Stir in spinach or kale and cook 1–2 minutes until wilted. Turn off heat and add fresh basil or parsley.
Serve: Ladle into bowls.
Top with a squeeze of lemon and a sprinkle of Parmesan, if using. Garnish with extra herbs.