Brown the pork: Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a large pot over medium-high. Add ground pork, season with salt and pepper, and cook until browned, breaking it up, 5–7 minutes.
Scoop to a bowl and drain excess fat if needed.
Sauté the aromatics: Add remaining oil. Cook onion, carrots, and celery with a pinch of salt until softened, 5–6 minutes. Stir in garlic and tomato paste; cook 1 minute until fragrant and darkened.
Season the base: Add smoked paprika, thyme, and soy sauce.
Stir to coat the veggies and bloom the spices for 30 seconds.
Add broth and cabbage: Pour in broth and add bay leaf. Stir in sliced cabbage (and potato if using). Return browned pork to the pot.
Simmer: Bring to a gentle boil, then lower heat.
Cover partially and simmer 20–25 minutes, until cabbage is tender and flavors meld.
Finish and balance: Taste and adjust salt and pepper. Stir in a splash of apple cider vinegar or lemon juice for brightness. Add red pepper flakes if you want heat.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and top with chopped parsley or dill.
Serve with crusty bread or a scoop of rice if you like.