Brown the beef: Heat a large pot over medium-high. Add the ground beef and cook, breaking it up, until browned with crispy bits, about 5–7 minutes.
Spoon off excess fat if needed, leaving about 1 tablespoon in the pot.
Soften aromatics: Add diced onion and a pinch of salt. Cook 3–4 minutes until translucent. Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Season the base: Stir in cumin, oregano, and smoked paprika.
Toast the spices for 30 seconds to wake up their flavor.
Build the soup: Add pinto beans, green chiles, diced tomatoes with juices, beef broth, and the bay leaf. Stir and bring to a gentle boil.
Simmer: Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer 12–15 minutes. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
If you want it thicker, lightly mash some beans against the pot with a spoon.
Finish: Remove the bay leaf. Squeeze in a little fresh lime for brightness. Ladle into bowls and add your favorite toppings.