Rinse the rice: Place the rice in a fine-mesh sieve and rinse under cold water until it runs mostly clear. Shake off excess water.
This helps keep the grains separate.
Blend the base: In a blender, combine tomatoes, onion, garlic, and 1/4 cup of the broth. Blend until smooth. If using canned tomato sauce, just mince the onion and garlic instead.
Toast the rice: Heat oil in a medium saucepan over medium heat.
Add the rice and cook, stirring often, until lightly golden and nutty, about 5–7 minutes. Don’t rush this step.
Season: Stir in cumin for 30 seconds. If using minced onion and garlic (no blender), soften them with the rice for 1–2 minutes.
Add liquids: Pour in the tomato mixture (or tomato sauce), the remaining broth, bay leaf, and bouillon if using.
Add 1/2 teaspoon salt to start. Stir once to combine.
Simmer gently: Bring to a light boil, then reduce heat to low. Cover tightly and cook for 15 minutes.
Avoid lifting the lid.
Add veggies (optional): Sprinkle peas and carrots over the top, do not stir, and cover again for the final 5 minutes of cooking.
Steam off heat: Turn off heat and let the pot sit, covered, for 10 minutes. This resting time makes the rice fluffy.
Fluff and finish: Remove the bay leaf. Fluff gently with a fork.
Adjust salt, then finish with a squeeze of lime and chopped cilantro if you like.