Prep the fish: Pat the tilapia very dry with paper towels. Cut into 2–3 inch pieces for easier frying and even cooking.
Keep chilled while you make the batter.
Heat the oil: Pour 1.5–2 inches of oil into a deep skillet or pot. Heat to 350–360°F (175–182°C). Keep a sheet pan lined with a wire rack nearby.
Mix the dry ingredients: In a bowl, whisk 1 cup flour, cornstarch, baking powder, salt, garlic powder, and pepper.
Make the batter: In a separate bowl, combine ice-cold club soda and egg (if using).
Pour into the dry mix and stir gently with chopsticks or a fork just until combined. Leave small lumps. The batter should be thin and flowy, like heavy cream. If too thick, add a splash more club soda. Keep the bowl over ice to stay cold.
Dust the fish: Lightly coat tilapia pieces in a little plain flour.
Tap off excess. This helps the batter cling.
Fry in batches: Dip each piece into the batter, let excess drip, and lower carefully into hot oil. Don’t crowd the pan.
Fry 2–3 minutes per side until pale golden and crisp, and the fish flakes easily.
Drain and season: Transfer to the rack and immediately sprinkle with a little salt. Keep warm in a low oven if needed while you fry the rest.
Make a quick sauce (optional): Stir together 2 tablespoons soy sauce, 1 tablespoon rice vinegar, 1 teaspoon grated ginger, and a pinch of sugar. Add chili flakes if you like heat.
Serve: Plate with lemon wedges and your favorite sides—steamed rice, cabbage slaw, or a crisp salad.