Prep the rice: Break up cold, day-old rice with your hands or a spoon so there are no large clumps. This helps it fry evenly.
Crisp the anchovies: Heat a large skillet or wok over medium.
Add neutral oil and the dried anchovies. Stir-fry 2–3 minutes until lightly golden and fragrant. Remove half to a plate for topping if you like extra crunch.
Sauté aromatics: Add garlic and the white parts of the scallions to the pan.
Cook 30–45 seconds until aromatic, taking care not to burn.
Add seasonings: Stir in gochujang, gochugaru (if using), soy sauce, and sugar/honey. Let it bubble for 20 seconds so it coats the anchovies.
Fry the rice: Add the rice. Increase heat to medium-high.
Toss and press the rice into the pan to get some toasty bits. Cook 3–4 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Finish with sesame: Drizzle sesame oil over the rice and toss in sesame seeds and green scallion tops. Taste and adjust with more soy sauce or gochujang if needed.
Optional eggs: In a separate small pan, fry eggs sunny-side up with a pinch of salt until the whites set but the yolk stays runny.
Serve: Spoon the fried rice into bowls.
Top with reserved crispy anchovies, a fried egg, extra sesame seeds, and nori or perilla if you have it.